Hello friends today we will learn how we can create a Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing. This is going to be our first application using swing programming. This is going to be a simple GUI calculator app which will perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc. It can also be used for finding the square, square root and reciprocal of any number.
Before starting this tutorial, I assume that you have the basic concept of swing components and also you should have the idea of JButton Click Event means what should be the response of a button when we click on it.If you already know about Basic Components of Java Swing, then it’s not going to be very difficult for you.
I am going to use IntelliJ IDEA IDE(integrated development environment) for coding part of my calculator program.You can use and IDE or you can just use notepad++ for coding your program. It doesn’t matter whatever the IDE or editor you are going to use the programming logic will be the same.
so friends lets get started with our tutorial Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing step by step.
Contents
Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing
Creating Display Window for Calculator
Step 1
So in the very first step, we have to create a display for our calculator.
- Create a class (Calculator in this Example).
- Now create an object of the JFrame class and set some of its properties like its title, visibility, background color, layout property etc. using the method of the JFrame class.
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import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class Calculator { JFrame frame;//Creating object of JFrame class Calculator()//Creating constructor of the class { prepareGUI(); } public void prepareGUI() { frame=new JFrame(); frame.setTitle("Calculator");//Setting title of the JFrame frame.setSize(300,440);//Setting size frame.getContentPane().setLayout(null);//Setting Layout frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.black);//Setting Background Color frame.setResizable(false);//Preventing window from resizing frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);//Setting location to the center of the screen frame.setVisible(true);//Setting window's visibility frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//Setting default close operation } } |
- Now create another class(MainClass in this example) and inside the main method just create an object of our Calculator class.
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import javax.swing.*; public class MainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { new Calculator(); } } |
- Now run your program.
Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing-fig-1
- Now as you can see that we have successfully created our display.
- Now the next thing we have to do is to add components to it.
Adding Components to Our Display Window
Step 2
- In this step, we will create object of all the components that we want to add to our window like,
- Buttons from 0 to 9.
- One clear Button and a delete button.
- Buttons for arithmetic operations.
- A text field for displaying the result.
- Two radio buttons for switching between on and off.
- One label for displaying the calculation.
- After creating object of all the components, we will set some of the properties of each component like setting their size, location and some other properties and after setting their properties we will finally add them to the frame(Window) using the add() method.
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import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class Calculator { JFrame frame; //Creating objects of Components JLabel label = new JLabel(); JTextField textField = new JTextField(); JRadioButton onRadioButton = new JRadioButton("on"); JRadioButton offRadioButton = new JRadioButton("off"); JButton buttonZero = new JButton("0"); JButton buttonOne = new JButton("1"); JButton buttonTwo = new JButton("2"); JButton buttonThree = new JButton("3"); JButton buttonFour = new JButton("4"); JButton buttonFive = new JButton("5"); JButton buttonSix = new JButton("6"); JButton buttonSeven = new JButton("7"); JButton buttonEight = new JButton("8"); JButton buttonNine = new JButton("9"); JButton buttonDot = new JButton("."); JButton buttonClear = new JButton("C"); JButton buttonDelete = new JButton("DEL"); JButton buttonEqual = new JButton("="); JButton buttonMul = new JButton("x"); JButton buttonDiv = new JButton("/"); JButton buttonPlus = new JButton("+"); JButton buttonMinus = new JButton("-"); JButton buttonSquare = new JButton("x\u00B2"); JButton buttonReciprocal = new JButton("1/x"); JButton buttonSqrt = new JButton("\u221A"); Calculator() { prepareGUI(); addComponents(); } public void prepareGUI() { //Setting properties of JFrame(Window) frame = new JFrame(); frame.setTitle("Calculator"); frame.setSize(300, 490); frame.getContentPane().setLayout(null); frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.black); frame.setResizable(false); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public void addComponents() { //Setting property of Label label.setBounds(250, 0, 50, 50); label.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(label); //Setting property of text field textField.setBounds(10, 40, 270, 40); textField.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); textField.setEditable(false); textField.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT); frame.add(textField); //Setting property of on radio button onRadioButton.setBounds(10, 95, 60, 40); onRadioButton.setSelected(true); onRadioButton.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 14)); onRadioButton.setBackground(Color.black); onRadioButton.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(onRadioButton); //Setting property of off radio button offRadioButton.setBounds(10, 120, 60, 40); offRadioButton.setSelected(false); offRadioButton.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 14)); offRadioButton.setBackground(Color.black); offRadioButton.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(offRadioButton); /*Creating an object of button group and adding both the radio buttons to that button group*/ ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup(); buttonGroup.add(onRadioButton); buttonGroup.add(offRadioButton); //Setting property of button 7 buttonSeven.setBounds(10, 230, 60, 40); buttonSeven.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonSeven); // Setting property of button 8 buttonEight.setBounds(80, 230, 60, 40); buttonEight.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonEight); //Setting property of button 9 buttonNine.setBounds(150, 230, 60, 40); buttonNine.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonNine); //Setting property of button 4 buttonFour.setBounds(10, 290, 60, 40); buttonFour.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonFour); //Setting property of button 5 buttonFive.setBounds(80, 290, 60, 40); buttonFive.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonFive); //Setting property of button 6 buttonSix.setBounds(150, 290, 60, 40); buttonSix.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonSix); //Setting property of button 1 buttonOne.setBounds(10, 350, 60, 40); buttonOne.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonOne); //Setting property of button 2 buttonTwo.setBounds(80, 350, 60, 40); buttonTwo.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonTwo); //Setting property of button 3 buttonThree.setBounds(150, 350, 60, 40); buttonThree.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonThree); //Setting property of dot button buttonDot.setBounds(150, 410, 60, 40); buttonDot.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonDot); //Setting property of button 0 buttonZero.setBounds(10, 410, 130, 40); buttonZero.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonZero); //Setting property of button = buttonEqual.setBounds(220, 350, 60, 100); buttonEqual.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonEqual.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonEqual); //Setting property of button / buttonDiv.setBounds(220, 110, 60, 40); buttonDiv.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonDiv.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonDiv); //Setting property of button square root buttonSqrt.setBounds(10, 170, 60, 40); buttonSqrt.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 18)); frame.add(buttonSqrt); //Setting property of button X buttonMul.setBounds(220, 230, 60, 40); buttonMul.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonMul.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonMul); //Setting property of button - buttonMinus.setBounds(220, 170, 60, 40); buttonMinus.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonMinus.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonMinus); //Setting property of button + buttonPlus.setBounds(220, 290, 60, 40); buttonPlus.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonPlus.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonPlus); //Setting property of button square buttonSquare.setBounds(80, 170, 60, 40); buttonSquare.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonSquare); //Setting property of reciprocal button buttonReciprocal.setBounds(150, 170, 60, 40); buttonReciprocal.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 15)); frame.add(buttonReciprocal); //Setting property of delete button buttonDelete.setBounds(150, 110, 60, 40); buttonDelete.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 12)); buttonDelete.setBackground(Color.red); buttonDelete.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(buttonDelete); //Setting property of clear button buttonClear.setBounds(80, 110, 60, 40); buttonClear.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 12)); buttonClear.setBackground(Color.red); buttonClear.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(buttonClear); } } |
- Now run your program.
Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing-fig-2
- As we can see that we have successfully added components to our window.
- Now we have to add functionalities to our button so that when we click on a particular button, some action should be performed.
- For this, we will implement ActionListener interface to our class, and if we are implementing ActionListener interface in our class then we have to override its method actionPerformed() in that class.
step 3
- For this first of all we will implement the ActionListener interface in our class and then we will override its method actionPerformed() in that class.
- Next, we will register ActionListener for all the buttons.
- Next, all the actions that we want in response when a button is clicked will be coded inside actionPerformed() method in that class.
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import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; //implementing ActionListener interface public class Calculator implements ActionListener { //Creating variables for our calculations double number, answer; int calculation; JFrame frame; JLabel label = new JLabel(); JTextField textField = new JTextField(); JRadioButton onRadioButton = new JRadioButton("on"); JRadioButton offRadioButton = new JRadioButton("off"); JButton buttonZero = new JButton("0"); JButton buttonOne = new JButton("1"); JButton buttonTwo = new JButton("2"); JButton buttonThree = new JButton("3"); JButton buttonFour = new JButton("4"); JButton buttonFive = new JButton("5"); JButton buttonSix = new JButton("6"); JButton buttonSeven = new JButton("7"); JButton buttonEight = new JButton("8"); JButton buttonNine = new JButton("9"); JButton buttonDot = new JButton("."); JButton buttonClear = new JButton("C"); JButton buttonDelete = new JButton("DEL"); JButton buttonEqual = new JButton("="); JButton buttonMul = new JButton("x"); JButton buttonDiv = new JButton("/"); JButton buttonPlus = new JButton("+"); JButton buttonMinus = new JButton("-"); JButton buttonSquare = new JButton("x\u00B2"); JButton buttonReciprocal = new JButton("1/x"); JButton buttonSqrt = new JButton("\u221A"); ; Calculator() { prepareGUI(); addComponents(); addActionEvent(); } public void prepareGUI() { frame = new JFrame(); frame.setTitle("Calculator"); frame.setSize(300, 490); frame.getContentPane().setLayout(null); frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.black); frame.setResizable(false); frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public void addComponents() { label.setBounds(250, 0, 50, 50); label.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(label); textField.setBounds(10, 40, 270, 40); textField.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); textField.setEditable(false); textField.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT); frame.add(textField); onRadioButton.setBounds(10, 95, 60, 40); onRadioButton.setSelected(true); onRadioButton.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 14)); onRadioButton.setBackground(Color.black); onRadioButton.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(onRadioButton); offRadioButton.setBounds(10, 120, 60, 40); offRadioButton.setSelected(false); offRadioButton.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 14)); offRadioButton.setBackground(Color.black); offRadioButton.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(offRadioButton); ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup(); buttonGroup.add(onRadioButton); buttonGroup.add(offRadioButton); buttonSeven.setBounds(10, 230, 60, 40); buttonSeven.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonSeven); buttonEight.setBounds(80, 230, 60, 40); buttonEight.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonEight); buttonNine.setBounds(150, 230, 60, 40); buttonNine.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonNine); buttonFour.setBounds(10, 290, 60, 40); buttonFour.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonFour); buttonFive.setBounds(80, 290, 60, 40); buttonFive.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonFive); buttonSix.setBounds(150, 290, 60, 40); buttonSix.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonSix); buttonOne.setBounds(10, 350, 60, 40); buttonOne.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonOne); buttonTwo.setBounds(80, 350, 60, 40); buttonTwo.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonTwo); buttonThree.setBounds(150, 350, 60, 40); buttonThree.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonThree); buttonDot.setBounds(150, 410, 60, 40); buttonDot.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonDot); buttonZero.setBounds(10, 410, 130, 40); buttonZero.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonZero); buttonEqual.setBounds(220, 350, 60, 100); buttonEqual.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonEqual.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonEqual); buttonDiv.setBounds(220, 110, 60, 40); buttonDiv.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonDiv.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonDiv); buttonSqrt.setBounds(10, 170, 60, 40); buttonSqrt.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 18)); frame.add(buttonSqrt); buttonMul.setBounds(220, 230, 60, 40); buttonMul.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonMul.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonMul); buttonMinus.setBounds(220, 170, 60, 40); buttonMinus.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonMinus.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonMinus); buttonPlus.setBounds(220, 290, 60, 40); buttonPlus.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); buttonPlus.setBackground(new Color(239, 188, 2)); frame.add(buttonPlus); buttonSquare.setBounds(80, 170, 60, 40); buttonSquare.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 20)); frame.add(buttonSquare); buttonReciprocal.setBounds(150, 170, 60, 40); buttonReciprocal.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 15)); frame.add(buttonReciprocal); buttonDelete.setBounds(150, 110, 60, 40); buttonDelete.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 12)); buttonDelete.setBackground(Color.red); buttonDelete.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(buttonDelete); buttonClear.setBounds(80, 110, 60, 40); buttonClear.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 12)); buttonClear.setBackground(Color.red); buttonClear.setForeground(Color.white); frame.add(buttonClear); } public void addActionEvent() { //Registering ActionListener to buttons onRadioButton.addActionListener(this); offRadioButton.addActionListener(this); buttonClear.addActionListener(this); buttonDelete.addActionListener(this); buttonDiv.addActionListener(this); buttonSqrt.addActionListener(this); buttonSquare.addActionListener(this); buttonReciprocal.addActionListener(this); buttonMinus.addActionListener(this); buttonSeven.addActionListener(this); buttonEight.addActionListener(this); buttonNine.addActionListener(this); buttonMul.addActionListener(this); buttonFour.addActionListener(this); buttonFive.addActionListener(this); buttonSix.addActionListener(this); buttonPlus.addActionListener(this); buttonOne.addActionListener(this); buttonTwo.addActionListener(this); buttonThree.addActionListener(this); buttonEqual.addActionListener(this); buttonZero.addActionListener(this); buttonDot.addActionListener(this); } //Overriding actionPerformed() method @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { Object source = e.getSource(); if (source == onRadioButton) { enable();//Calling enable() function } else if (source == offRadioButton) { disable();//Calling disable function } else if (source == buttonClear) { //Clearing texts of label and text field label.setText(""); textField.setText(""); } else if (source == buttonDelete) { //Setting functionality for delete button(backspace) int length = textField.getText().length(); int number = length - 1; if (length > 0) { StringBuilder back = new StringBuilder(textField.getText()); back.deleteCharAt(number); textField.setText(back.toString()); } if (textField.getText().endsWith("")) { label.setText(""); } } else if (source == buttonZero) { if (textField.getText().equals("0")) { return; } else { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "0"); } } else if (source == buttonOne) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "1"); } else if (source == buttonTwo) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "2"); } else if (source == buttonThree) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "3"); } else if (source == buttonFour) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "4"); } else if (source == buttonFive) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "5"); } else if (source == buttonSix) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "6"); } else if (source == buttonSeven) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "7"); } else if (source == buttonEight) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "8"); } else if (source == buttonNine) { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "9"); } else if (source == buttonDot) { if (textField.getText().contains(".")) { return; } else { textField.setText(textField.getText() + "."); } } else if (source == buttonPlus) { String str = textField.getText(); number = Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); textField.setText(""); label.setText(str + "+"); calculation = 1; } else if (source == buttonMinus) { String str = textField.getText(); number = Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); textField.setText(""); label.setText(str + "-"); calculation = 2; } else if (source == buttonMul) { String str = textField.getText(); number = Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); textField.setText(""); label.setText(str + "X"); calculation = 3; } else if (source == buttonDiv) { String str = textField.getText(); number = Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); textField.setText(""); label.setText(str + "/"); calculation = 4; } else if (source == buttonSqrt) { number = Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); Double sqrt = Math.sqrt(number); textField.setText(Double.toString(sqrt)); } else if (source == buttonSquare) { String str = textField.getText(); number = Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); double square = Math.pow(number, 2); String string = Double.toString(square); if (string.endsWith(".0")) { textField.setText(string.replace(".0", "")); } else { textField.setText(string); } label.setText("(sqr)" + str); } else if (source == buttonReciprocal) { number = Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); double reciprocal = 1 / number; String string = Double.toString(reciprocal); if (string.endsWith(".0")) { textField.setText(string.replace(".0", "")); } else { textField.setText(string); } } else if (source == buttonEqual) { //Setting functionality for equal(=) button switch (calculation) { case 1: answer = number + Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); if (Double.toString(answer).endsWith(".0")) { textField.setText(Double.toString(answer).replace(".0", "")); } else { textField.setText(Double.toString(answer)); } label.setText(""); break; case 2: answer = number - Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); if (Double.toString(answer).endsWith(".0")) { textField.setText(Double.toString(answer).replace(".0", "")); } else { textField.setText(Double.toString(answer)); } label.setText(""); break; case 3: answer = number * Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); if (Double.toString(answer).endsWith(".0")) { textField.setText(Double.toString(answer).replace(".0", "")); } else { textField.setText(Double.toString(answer)); } label.setText(""); break; case 4: answer = number / Double.parseDouble(textField.getText()); if (Double.toString(answer).endsWith(".0")) { textField.setText(Double.toString(answer).replace(".0", "")); } else { textField.setText(Double.toString(answer)); } label.setText(""); break; } } } public void enable() { onRadioButton.setEnabled(false); offRadioButton.setEnabled(true); textField.setEnabled(true); label.setEnabled(true); buttonClear.setEnabled(true); buttonDelete.setEnabled(true); buttonDiv.setEnabled(true); buttonSqrt.setEnabled(true); buttonSquare.setEnabled(true); buttonReciprocal.setEnabled(true); buttonMinus.setEnabled(true); buttonSeven.setEnabled(true); buttonEight.setEnabled(true); buttonNine.setEnabled(true); buttonMul.setEnabled(true); buttonFour.setEnabled(true); buttonFive.setEnabled(true); buttonSix.setEnabled(true); buttonPlus.setEnabled(true); buttonOne.setEnabled(true); buttonTwo.setEnabled(true); buttonThree.setEnabled(true); buttonEqual.setEnabled(true); buttonZero.setEnabled(true); buttonDot.setEnabled(true); } public void disable() { onRadioButton.setEnabled(true); offRadioButton.setEnabled(false); textField.setText(""); label.setText(" "); buttonClear.setEnabled(false); buttonDelete.setEnabled(false); buttonDiv.setEnabled(false); buttonSqrt.setEnabled(false); buttonSquare.setEnabled(false); buttonReciprocal.setEnabled(false); buttonMinus.setEnabled(false); buttonSeven.setEnabled(false); buttonEight.setEnabled(false); buttonNine.setEnabled(false); buttonMul.setEnabled(false); buttonFour.setEnabled(false); buttonFive.setEnabled(false); buttonSix.setEnabled(false); buttonPlus.setEnabled(false); buttonOne.setEnabled(false); buttonTwo.setEnabled(false); buttonThree.setEnabled(false); buttonEqual.setEnabled(false); buttonZero.setEnabled(false); buttonDot.setEnabled(false); } } |
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import javax.swing.*; public class MainClass { public static void main(String[] args) { new Calculator(); } } |
- Let’s run our program and do some calculation.
Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing-fig-3
Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing-fig-4
- You can see that as soon as we have clicked on the plus button, the text field is cleared and label showed up at the top of our calculator.
- Now we can enter the second number for our calculation.
Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing-fig-5
- Now we have to click on the equals(=) button to get our result.
Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing-fig-6
- Now let’s click on the off button and see what happens.
Simple Calculator Program in Java Using Swing-fig-7
- As you can see it disabled all the buttons and cleared the label and the text field.
- You can also download the source code of this project.
Simple Calculator Program in Java Source Code
So guys this was all from this post in which we have learned how we can create calculator in java swing. If you have any doubts regarding this post then just comment below. You can also check my post Learn Android Programming Step by Step. Thank You.
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your are doing a great job…….thanks so much
can i have more of your tutorials ?